Cosmic magnetic fields and dark energy in extended electromagnetism

We discuss an extended version of electromagnetism in which the usual gauge fixing term is promoted into a physical contribution that introduces a new scalar state in the theory. This new state can be generated from vacuum quantum fluctuations during an inflationary era and, on super-Hubble scales, gives rise to an effective cosmological constant. The value of such a cosmological constant coincides with the one inferred from observations as long as inflation took place at the electroweak scale. On the other hand, the new state also generates an effective electric charge density on sub-Hubble scales that produces both vorticity and magnetic fields with coherent lengths as large as the present Hubble horizon.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of Spanish Relativity Meeting 2010, Granada, Spain, 6-10 September 201

Low-dimensional dynamics embedded in a plane Poiseuille flow turbulence : Traveling-wave solution is a saddle point ?

The instability of a streak and its nonlinear evolution are investigated by direct numerical simulation (DNS) for plane Poiseuille flow at Re=3000. It is suggested that there exists a traveling-wave solution (TWS). The TWS is localized around one of the two walls and notably resemble to the coherent structures observed in experiments and DNS so far. The phase space structure around this TWS is similar to a saddle point. Since the stable manifold of this TWS is extended close to the quasi two dimensional (Q2D) energy axis, the approaching process toward the TWS along the stable manifold is approximately described as the instability of the streak (Q2D flow) and the succeeding nonlinear evolution. Bursting corresponds to the escape from the TWS along the unstable manifold. These manifolds constitute part of basin boundary of the turbulent state.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Background and approach to a definition of smart buildings

There is no possibility of finding a single reference about domotics in the first half of the 20th century. The best known authors and those who have documented this discipline, set its origin in the 1970’s, when the x-10 technology began to be used, but it was not until 1988 when Larousse Encyclopedia decided to include the definition of "Smart Building". Furthermore, even nowadays, there is not a single definition widely accepted, and for that reason, many other expressions, namely "Intelligent Buildings" "Domotics" "Digital Home" or "Home Automation" have appeared to describe the automated buildings and homes. The lack of a clear definition for "Smart Buildings" causes difficulty not only in the development of a common international framework to develop research in this field, but it also causes insecurity in the potential user of these buildings. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to propose a definition of the expression “Smart Buildings” that satisfactorily describes the meaning of this discipline. To achieve this aim, a thorough review of the origin of the term itself and the historical background before the emergence of the phenomenon of domotics was conducted, followed by a critical discussion of existing definitions of the term "Smart Buildings" and other similar terms. The extent of each definition has been analyzed, inaccuracies have been discarded and commonalities have been compared. Throughout the discussion, definitions that bring the term "Smart Buildings" near to disciplines such as computer science, robotics and also telecommunications have been found

The magnetic precursor of L1448-mm: Excitation differences between ion and neutral fluids

Shock modelling predicts an electron density enhancement within the magnetic precursor of C-shocks. Previous observations of SiO, H13CO+, HN13C and H13CN toward the young L1448-mm outflow showed an over-excitation of the ion fluid that was attributed to an electron density enhancement in the precursor. We re-visit this interpretation and test if it still holds when we consider different source morphologies and kinetic temperatures for the observed molecules, and also give some insight on the spatial extent of the electron density enhancement around L1448-mm. We estimate the opacities of H13CO+ and HN13C by observing the J=3\to2 lines of rarer isotopologues to confirm that the emission is optically thin. To model the excitation of the molecules, we use the large velocity gradient (LVG) approximation with updated collisional coefficients to i) re- analyse the observations toward the positions where the over-excitation of H13CO+ has previously been observed [i.e. toward L1448- mm at offsets (0,0) and (0,-10)], and ii) to investigate if the electron density enhancement is still required for the cases of extended and compact emission, and for kinetic temperatures of up to 400 K. We also report several lines of SiO, HN13C and H13CO+ toward new positions around this outflow, to investigate the spatial extent of the over-excitation of the ions in L1448-mm. From the isotopologue observations, we find that the emission of H13CO+ and HN13C from the precursor is optically thin if this emission is extended. Using the new collisional coefficients, an electron density enhancement is still needed to explain the excitation of H13CO+ for extended emission and for gas temperatures of\le 400 K toward L1448-mm (0,-10), and possibly also toward L1448-mm (0,0). For compact emission the data cannot be fitted. We do not find any evidence for the over-excitation of the ion fluid toward the newly observed positions around L1448-mm. The observed line emission of SiO, H13CO+ and HN13C toward L1448-mm (0,0) and (0,-10) is consistent with an electron density enhancement in the precursor component, if this emission is spatially extended. This is also true for the case of high gas temperatures (\le400 K) toward the (0,-10) offset. The electron density enhancement seems to be restricted to the southern, redshifted lobe of the L1448-mm outflow. Interferometric images of the line emission of these molecules are needed to confirm the spatial extent of the over-excitation of the ions and thus, of the electron density enhancement in the magnetic precursor of L1448-mm.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 9 pages, 3 figure

Gamificacion con estrategia de marketing interno

Purpose: Theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of gamification and its possible application as a tool for internal marketing, in order to increase job satisfaction and commitment through engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, review of the literature on gamification and its background within game social reality. Secondly, presentation of several business cases where gamification has been applied. Findings: Focusing the subject of gamification within the field of internal marketing. In addition, a theoretical model of gamification as a tool to improve some consequences on employees’ behavior, such as job satisfaction and commitment through engagement, is proposed,. Various specific hypotheses for future research are proposed based on this model.. Practical implications: Because of the situation of research on internal marketing and gamification, practical implications cannot be deduced in the short term, although they may arise as long as there is empirical evidence of its usefulness. Social implications: Currently there is no empirical evidence to infer social implications. Originality/value: Gamification is a very recent phenomenon that has been scarcely studied